Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918

"Combining history of science and a history of universities with the new imperial history, Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918: A Social History of a Multilingual Space by Jan Surman analyzes the practice of scholarly migration and its lasting influence on the intellectual output in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Empire. The Habsburg Empire and its successor states were home to developments that shaped Central Europe's scholarship well into the twentieth century. Universities became centers of both state- and nation-building, as well as of confessional resistance, placing scholars if not in conflict, then certainly at odds with the neutral international orientation of academe

Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918: A Social History of a Multilingual Space

Combining history of science and a history of universities with the new imperial history, Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918: A Social History of a Multilingual Space by Jan Surman analyzes the practice of scholarly migration and its lasting influence on the intellectual output in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Empire. The Habsburg Empire and its successor states were home to developments that shaped Central Europe\u27s scholarship well into the twentieth century. Universities became centers of both state- and nation-building, as well as of confessional resistance, placing scholars if not in conflict, then certainly at odds with the neutral international orientation of academe. By going beyond national narratives, Surman reveals the Empire as a state with institutions divided by language but united by legislation, practices, and other influences. Such an approach allows readers a better view to how scholars turned gradually away from state-centric discourse to form distinct language communities after 1867; these influences affected scholarship, and by examining the scholarly record, Surman tracks the turn. Drawing on archives in Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Ukraine, Surman analyzes the careers of several thousand scholars from the faculties of philosophy and medicine of a number of Habsburg universities, thus covering various moments in the history of the Empire for the widest view. Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918 focuses on the tension between the political and linguistic spaces scholars occupied and shows that this tension did not lead to a gradual dissolution of the monarchy’s academia, but rather to an ongoing development of new strategies to cope with the cultural and linguistic multitude.https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_previews/1018/thumbnail.jp

Book reviews in the history of knowledge

Academic reviewing, one of the communal academic practices, is a vital genre, in which epistemic virtues have been cultivated. In our article, we discuss reviews as a form of institutionalized critique, which historians could use to trace the changing epistemic virtues within humanities. We propose to use them analogously to Lorraine Daston’s and Peter Galison’s treatment of atlases in their seminal work Objectivity as a marker of changing epistemic virtues in natural sciences and medicine. Based on Aristotle’s virtue theory and its neo-Aristotelian interpretation in the second half of the 20th century, as well as on its most recent applications in the field of history and philosophy of science, we propose a general conceptual framework for analyzing reviews in their historical dimension. Besides, we contend that the analysis of reviews should be carried out taking into account their historical context of social, political, cultural and media-environment. Otherwise, one may risks presupposing the existence of an autonomous, disconnected community of scholars.Recenzje książek z zakresu historii wiedzy Jako jedna z wspólnych praktyk akademickich, recenzowanie akademickie jest istotnym gatunkiem literackim, w którym kultywowane są cnoty epistemiczne. W naszym artykule omawiamy recenzje jako formę zinstytucjonalizowanej krytyki, którą historycy mogą wykorzystać do prześledzenia zmieniających się cnót epistemicznych w naukach humanistycznych, analogicznie do klasycznej pracy Lorraine Daston i Petera Galisona Objectivity, gdzie atlasy (zawierające zbiory map, wykresów, ilustracji) są używane do omawiania zmieniających się cnót epistemicznych w naukach ścisłych, przyrodniczych i w medycynie. Opierając się na teorii cnót Arystotelesa i jej neoarystoteliańskiej interpretacji w drugiej połowie XX w., jak również ich zastosowaniu na polu historii i filozofii nauki początku XXI w., proponujemy generalne ramy koncepcyjne do analizy recenzji w ich wymiarze historycznym (a także innych wspólnych praktyk akademickich). Poza tym twierdzimy, że recenzje należy analizować w historycznym kontekście społecznym, politycznym, kulturowym oraz medialnym, aby nie wpaść w pułapkę zakładania autonomicznej, odłączonej od społeczeństwa wspólnoty naukowej

Beyond the center: Sciences in Central and Eastern Europe and their histories An interview with Professor Michael Gordin conducted by Jan Surman

What is special about sciences in Central and Eastern Europe? What are the obstacles for writing histories of science production beyond metropoles? Is this science different then science in the centers and what makes it such? How imperial are sciences made by representatives of the dominant nations and of non-dominant nations? These are some of the questions touched upon in the interview of Michael Gordin, leading historian of science from Princeton University.Co wyróżnia nauki w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej? Z jakimi problemami konfrontują się historycy nauki piszący o tym regionie? Czy nauka ta różni się od nauki uprawianej w centrach i w jakim zakresie? Jak bardzo imperialna jest nauka reprezentantów nacji dominujących i niedominujących? To tylko niektóre tematy poruszone w rozmowie z Michaelem Gordinem z Princeton University, jednym z wiodących historyków nauki

Between Westernization and Traditionalism: Central and Eastern European Academia during the Transformation in the 1990s

2021 saw the thirtieth anniversary of the collapse of the Soviet Union, and there is a growing interest in the historicization of the past 30 years of transformation. Taking this anniversary as a point of departure, we want to look into a specific area that has markedly changed in the last three decades – the scholarly community. The interest of analysing the academia in a period of transformation is not new, and the 1990s are amply covered by the literature scrutinising changes and forging plans for the future development, but we intend to enrich this discussion with approaches coming from the history of science and of scholarship. By looking at changes that happened in the decade following the end of the Socialist utopia, we propose to look into mechanisms of organizational and intellectual innovation and place them in the context of European and global integration. As we argue, looking at the 1990s in Central and Eastern Europe can help us to understand how scholarly systems change by oscillating between tradition and innovation, and we propose the notions of a selective Westernisation and an equally selective traditionalism for our case study

Wędrujące pojęcia i studia kultury

Pomimo dość długiego funkcjonowania jako dyscyplina naukowa kulturoznawstwo (i niesynonimiczne z nim, lecz genetycznie spokrewnione niemieckie Kulturwissenschaft czy angielskojęzyczne cultural studies i culture studies) w dalszym ciągu poszukują własnego miejsca na płaszczyznach tematycznej i teoretycznej. Kolejną próbę dokonania tego dookreślenia stanowi wydany niedawno przez wydawnictwo de Gruyter tom Travelling Concepts for the Study of Culture pod redakcją Birgit Neumann i Ansgara Nünninga. Wywodzi się on z usytuowanego w Giessen (Hesja) Graduate Center for the Study of Culture (GCSC), w którym to centrum travelling concepts – wędrujące pojęcia (Mieke Bal) – stały się motywem przewodnim szkolenia przyszłych kulturologów

Poza centrum: nauki w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej i ich historie Rozmowę z Profesorem Michaelem Gordinem przeprowadził Jan Surman

What is special about sciences in Central and Eastern Europe? What are the obstacles for writing histories of science production beyond metropoles? Is this science different then science in the centers and what makes it such? How imperial are sciences made by representatives of the dominant nations and of non-dominant nations? These are some of the questions touched upon in the interview of Michael Gordin, leading historian of science from Princeton University.Co wyróżnia nauki w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej? Z jakimi problemami konfrontują się historycy nauki piszący o tym regionie? Czy nauka ta różni się od nauki uprawianej w centrach i w jakim zakresie? Jak bardzo imperialna jest nauka reprezentantów nacji dominujących i niedominujących? To tylko niektóre tematy poruszone w rozmowie z Michaelem Gordinem z Princeton University, jednym z wiodących historyków nauki

Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-monocyte ratios reflect immune cell population rearrangement in resectable pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) may serve as a simple index of the immune function. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of NLR, PLR, and LMR in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to verify whether such biomarkers are associated with changes in populations of lymphoid cells. METHODS: The prognostic implications of blood count parameters were evaluated in a retrospective cohort of 442 subjects undergoing pancreatic resections for PDAC. Subpopulations of lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood were identified by FACS in a prospective cohort of 54 patients. RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, NLR < 5 and LMR ≥ 3 were associated with significantly longer median survival of 25.7 vs 12.6 months and 29.2 vs 13.1 months, respectively. PLR did not influence survival. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that high NLR (HR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.12 to 2.46, P = 0.012) and low LMR (HR 1.65, 95 % CI 1.06 to 2.58, P = 0.026) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. NLR ≥ 5 and LMR < 3 correlated with an approximately twofold decrease in counts of helper and cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and NK cells. High NLR was also accompanied with increased neutrophil counts, while low LMR showed increased numbers of monocytes, mostly classical. CONCLUSIONS: NLR and LMR may carry important prognostic information for patients with resected PDAC. The unfavorable prognosis likely correlates with reduced numbers of immune cells effective against the tumor and increased populations of cells involved in immune suppression